Grand Unification Theory GUT

What is Grand Unification Theory?

Societal Evolution© (a mathematically philosophical theory on socioeconomic-political systems, thus a theory of everything on socioeconomic-political systems) by: Marx Vergel Melencio (marxvergelmelencio@yahoo.com)

*scribblings from my mental scratchpad*

societal evolution©
(a mathematically philosophical theory on socioeconomic-political systems)
by: Marx Vergel Melencio (marxvergelmelencio@yahoo.com)


Improperly managed and controlled global trade has worsened the economic stability and stunted the should-be economic growth (should-be in terms of certain technological advancements), in most less-developed nations rather than improving it. Only the high-profit driven international capitalists and imperialist countries are reaping the benefits of such global trade agreements and the seemingly free global market.

My case in point is supported by these citations I have made as seen in what is currently happening within less-developed nations: on-going retrenchments
of the labor-intensive workforce; local industries closing and disappearing at such a rate that would bring forth the inevitable extinction of the local
business sector along with the nation's destruction if further progression to this direction continues; the exportation of scarce resources by such nations
(which are much needed by its constituents and/or which they are lacking from); the increasing gaps between the different social classes and capital-oriented and labor-intensive nations; and the increasing imbalance of the distribution of wealth and resources.

With this, I have come to think of an evolutionary system of change which I call the self-sufficient society. In this society, the ideologies and basic
principles of Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' and Karl Marx's 'Communist Manifesto' are fused and revised into a single working system that would be applicable to current global conditions. A similar (yes, similar, but, to a critical extent, not entirely or far from being exactly the same), experiment was done by a social scientist named Richard Owens, but his experiment crumbled after running only for less than 5 years. His experiment failed because, probably, his system included the use of monetary units within the local trading system of his experimental society.

I think that the use of monetary units for and within the society's internal trading and economic system should be abolished and replaced by the use of
every member of the society's work inputs in terms of hours directly proportional, or directly equivalent, to the levels of productivity, or production output levels, such work inputs yield, without giving more importance to white-collar jobs than blue-collar and labor-intensive ones, but rather an equal level of importance should be given to every job and service needed for the society's continued development and existence.

With this system, the ownership of land and capital-oriented businesses would be managed and controlled by the nation's republic run by the people themselves, and such management and distribution systems would all be based from the needs and the demands of the people composing the societies themselves, all for the purpose of providing the needs and meeting the demands of each and every member of the nation.

And, with this system, a specific percentage of the nation's entire population would be divided and assigned for the purpose of overall management of: its
agricultural resources; the energy distrubution and production it needs for itself; its water resources, its internal and external security; housing for
all its constituents; education; medical expertise and service; technological and scientific research; communications and information distribution technologies both internal and external; literature and art development; transportation; and its natural resources, to name a few of a nation's necessities - taking into consideration only the amount of productivity and output it needs to sustain itself and all its constituents.

And, if a nation lacks a certain resource that is necessary for its own sustainability, the nation would then plan ahead, exerting additional work inputs in order to produce more of a certain resource it is abundant of for the sole purpose of trade with a nation which is abundant of the resources it lacks and lacks the resources the self-sufficient nation is offering to trade. In the first few years of this system, such trade-offs would utilize monetary units, which is acceptable as long as its utilization would remain external and for the purpose of trade.

Therefore, with this system, even as the population of the nation's constituents increases with time, each member would continue to have jobs waiting and
assigned for them, for the purpose of assigning their specific jobs are for their own sustainability, and such levels of sustainability increases with
each member added to the nation's population, so a job assignment would always be waiting in order to meet the demands of additional work input for production outputs to meet the demands of increasing sustainability due to inevitable population growth. Thus, with this system, it would reverse the effects of the second law of thermodynamics, a universal law of the universe's physical nature therefore applicable to every particle within this universe of ours, which states that the level of disorder is always proportional with time - therefore, as time increases, so does disorder in any or all forms of it, though this would not be the case with this system, for it is a given variable that disorder, or chaos, comes and proportionally increases with time, but this system seeks, or aims, to inject an ordered system to its disordered entirety in order to gain order amidst the chaotic nature of the former system.

And, no resource that the nation is abundant of would be allowed to enter the local market in order to preserve/maintain the balance of its internal economic sector. But, a member of the nation would always be allowed to migrate to other countries or leave for other nations, either permanently or for temporary purposes, because if one leaves the nation, the lessened overall work input would always equal the needed overall production output, therefore economic equilibrium would always be present. Thus, for example, a father of three to four dependents decides to migrate elsewhere, it would be probable to assume that he would be sending something that he earns within the nation he migrated to - this would more or less be money, and other stuff abroad - these would all be managed by the nation's republic, either converting it to monetary units which would be added to the nation's trading treasure (the monetary units used for importing resources it lacks), and the resources the nation is exporting as trade for the import resources would be lessened and the produce subtracted would then go to the man's three dependents, or the stuff he is sending could also be converted to resources his three dependents need, such as food, energy, water, education, etc., therefore again maintaining the nation's economic and social equilibrium. But, if the man becomes destitute and abandons his three dependents, the extra work input needed to sustain the three dependents would be distributed evenly - giving an additional estimated theoretical and hypothetical value of three to five minutes of work input by each working member of the nation, which in turn would have its equivalence in increased productivity or production output levels, which would be negligible for the nation's workforce members. Plus, of course, the man's own needs
and demands for resources to sustain himself and survive would be subtracted from the nation's former total production/resource outputs needed to sustain all its constituents and itself - therefore maintaining stability and equilibrium of the nation's economic and social system because the man's former work and production inputs (while being within the nation/nation's system) would always be equal to his resource needs and demands.

And, groups that are presently causing, to some critical extent, destabilization, would soon disappear because the change took place
in an evolutionary fashion, and not in a revolutionary one, for always there would be contradicting forces opposing a system forced upon them.

This system should start first with the demands and needs for changes to be made within existing societies to come from the people themselves, thus this system would not force the people to change, but for them to change themselves in a direction that would naturally be directed at this system, which would then make the people themselves first integrate such a system on their respective existing small-scale level societies (say communities composed of 100,000 families) and then left to take its natural course. Neighboring communities would positively take in the changes they are seeing in the community, thus, with utmost probability levels, integrate within their own societies such a system, and the system would spread further and further until a nation with this self-sufficient system is born, thus the integrating effects such a system had on a small-scale level would then be applied to large-scale/macroscopic levels of communities, which are the nations composing this global community, until finally making the system known to the people and letting them know that even before this system was integrated on each's respective communities, the people were the ones who have forced the changes to be made first on themselves, or first on the individual level , then on the societies they were formally contained in and function on, all based on their own demands, and the system they are contained in and function on is such a system, and, thus, its progression would only stop until it encompasses all the nations in the global reality, creating a global community behind a system of self-sufficiency.

If human evolution took more than 10,000 years for us to be in our present state, the time it would take for the communal/societal evolution in order to
attain this system, would no more be a tenth (in relation to human evolution) be as long. Although we may think that societal evolution would take far
longer than individual human evolution before attaining this system, let us not forget that individual human evolution was more of a biological one than
an intelluctual one, and the individual intellectual evolution took less than 500 years from the rennaisance period to the Industrial Age, therefore it
is highly probable to assume that the societal evolution towrds this system would even take a shorter time because of certain technological advancements
in the field of communications and information dissemination - and technological developments promise an even larger scenario of change - the abolition
of manual labor as being seemingly forced work inputs, to manual labor being recreational.

written by: Marx Vergel P. Melencio

*for completion in due 'imaginary time'*
- Marx Vergel Melencio

*'this paper or document was written for the sole purpose of discussing, which I, the author, deem as having highly probable content, personal concepts regarding the subject matter, and not, in any sense, of having the purpose of discussing a concept of, or with, substantial finality, nor any other purpose for that matter... I, like all rational human beings on this planet, have brains that have its own unique way of processing information, specifically its information-filtration process, and I, just like every rational human being with the same unique properties of each's brains, am restricted, or limited, by such processes of information-filtration, which contains me to my own judgement to deem what is acceptable, or even considerable - at least to my own standards -, and dismiss, or reject, anything I deem, based on my own, much like every rational human being's own, unique process of information-filtration, unacceptable or flawed... though, as I am, again, along with every rational human being on this planet, armed with my own unique information-filtration process, I am always ready to revise, or even completely change, the information stored inside this head of mine whenever information I, again, deem as acceptable comes along... - marx*




E-Mail: marxvergelmelencio@yahoo.com

a Discourse of Pure Reason on Time, and All Else on its Path©2005 Marx Vergel Melencio; a Platform for Independence©2005 Marx Vergel Melencio

*scribblings from my mental scratchpad*

a discourse of pure reason on time, and all else on its path©
by: Marx Vergel Melencio (marxvergelmelencio@yahoo.com)


- there are now, 'caused by Einstein's 'Special and General Theory of Relativity', five dimensions in which all particles, so the entirety of the universe itself, operate: length; width; height; the curved platform in which the three prior coordinates operate; and time - in which the latter dimension, that of time, bounds and is also bounded by all prior dimensions (that of length, width, height, and the curvature of the platform in which such three prior coordinates operate)...

so, equated as such, time would always be equivalent to space - they are of the same coin, but represents each opposing side... therefore, time, and conversely space, between two certain points, can be measured by each other...
ie. the time it would take for a particle starting from a certain point to a specified point is equivalent to the space between the two points, which the particle in motion with a certain critical speed would have to tread in order to reach the destination point from its point of origin, and conversely, the space between such two points is equivalent to the time it would take for a moving particle with a certain critical speed to go from one point to the other...

therefore, theoretically, if one has an equipment to map the positions, velocities, and paths, (though the point being to map all such variables in the most accurate way possible and not to involve accuracy rates of 100%, for it was known from the emergence of Heisenberg's 'Principle of Uncertainty' that the more you try to accurately measure variables of a particles single specific physical property, the more discrepancies emerge in measuring every variable of all its other physical properties, specifically: the more you try to accurately measure a particle's motion, in terms of its speed or velocity, its position changes, and, the more you try to accurately measure a particle's position, its velocity or speed changes - for all particles within the universe are in motion, 'cause it is an expanding, thus moving, universe), of all the particles in a given area, the person would then just have to either magnetize such particles to their prior positions, or demagnetize them to their most probable 'future' positions, in order to either reverse or fast-track 'imaginary time' operating within the specified area (for time is always only imaginary, and most people's current concept of time would not be reversed nor fast-tracked, but the events within the imaginary time-frame - within the time-and-space-frame would be more precise...
*note on this: even all brain activities of all living entities within or contained by this universe involve electrical impulses from chemical, mechanical and electrical stimulation, which, again, come from sensory inputs all brought about by particle-interactions, and everything, even such particle-interactions, electrical impulses, chemical, mechanical, electrical stimulation and activities are composed of particles and result from particle-interactions which give-off force-carrying particles...)...

of course, such a person should also have an equipment capable of magnetizing and demagnetizing every particle - I could only think of the unification of gravitational force, in which is operated by particles known as gravitons, whose main properties are such force is always attractive and never repellant, and it affects all particles, and that of electromagnetic, or even separated as electrical and magnetic, force or forces, in which is operated by particles known as protons and electrons (neutrons only belong to the category of weak nuclear force, though all three belong to the category of weak nuclear force, and the former two belong to the category of strong nuclear force, which would also be good if one could unify such five - electrical; magnetic; gravitational; weak nuclear; and strong nuclear - elemental, or fundamental, forces, and not just the three - electrical and magnetic forces have long been unified... - I have stated prior to this) - scientists at CERN have been working on what they call the 'Grand Unification Theory' (GUT), and would perhaps do just so, or functionally unify such elemental, or fundamental, forces, in a matter of 'imaginary time', though I hope and am confident that they would do so as soon as possible...) - , whose main properties are that they are repellant to some particles and attractive, again, to some particles as well... so, when unified, such would be enough knowledge in which to be utilized for the functional control of the magnetization and demagnetization of every particle.
*note on this: the functional unification of the five elemental forces have been claimed to be achieved, with experimental visual evidence in the form of a video, by the physicist John Nordberg, whom had given this for its equation:

the vector of the electrical field crossed with the vector of the magnetic field is equivalent to the vector of the gravitational field,

in which the weak and strong nuclear forces could be derived from the said equation...
- the vector of the electrical field crossed, and not multiplied, with the vector of the magnetic field produces the vector of the gravitational field, and understanding of the said equation needs substantial knowledge on higher physics and higher mathematics, specifically the mathematics and physics behind spherical particle motion, and not just the understanding of the mathematics and physics behind wave particle motion, for the term to cross is the cross product, which in physics is a way of mathematically and geometrically multiplying vectors...;
- the equation does not contain basic operations utilized by mathematics in physics, for, in the basic operations of mathematics in physics, the variables have arrows on top of them, and such arrows are physics symbols for "vectors", which in physics is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction, and this gravitational field vector is different from the traditional symbols found in physics, specifically gravity, represented by the small "g" (not a vector)
and the gravitational field constant represented by a plain big "G";
- using our present laws of physics, when you pass an electrical current on the surface of an electrical conductor in the form of a sphere, the surface of the sphere is then treaded by the electrical current that follow both the wave particle's defined motion and direction, thus producing an electrical field which also follow both the defined wave particle motion and direction, and also produces the magnetic field in the same direction and in the same right-hand rule of defined wave particle motion,
but, again, this area of physics would have to be re-understood or redefined, because this is not true in this case, for, when the electrical current passes through the surface of an electrical conductor in the form of a sphere, the electrical current treads its surface following both the direction and motion of defined spherical particle motion, thus producing an electrical field that treads on the surface of the sphere in a direction and motion that follow the same defined spherical particle motion, and as this happens, it produces a magnetic field that treads the surface of the sphere by first originating from the portion where the electrical field originates, then treads the surface of the sphere following the motion of defined spherical particle motion, but it treads the surface of the sphere by both the left-hand rule and the right-hand rule, originating from the area where the electrical field originates, and, as this happens, the gravitational field, which always originates from the center, is strengthened - for each of the sphere's particles, much like all the particles within this universe of ours, have their own gravitational field, which always originates from the center, and cohesion of all cohesive particles would result a single gravitational field that, again, always originates from its center...*
With the 'Grand Unification' theoretically at hand, it would then be possible to produce or generate seemingly unlimited electrical energy (SEEMINGLY, 'cause at least for human consumption within its, the human race's, apparently, limited existence, and the finity of this universe's matter and energy or mass content);

most important of all, to magnetize and de-magnetize all particles within this universe of ours, so as to re-establish the apparent limitations regarding humankind's finite existence (how? to be discussed by equally apparent answers, and its finity negated, later), as set in the prior statement;

and to control gravitational and electromagnetic forces, in which could factually be used to curve the space-time dimension/continuum either further inwards or outwards than its original state, in order to attain travel speeds apparently faster than that of light (well, at least not technically)
- ie. the distance, in terms of the space-time frame, between two certain points are measured as two light years apart (which means that it would take a particle travelling at the speed of light two Earth years to come from one point and reach the other point), and if you could curve the space-time dimension/continuum between the two said points either further inwards or outwards, the said two points, or one of the two points I have said and any point within the linear space between the two said points, can be controlled to directly face each other with no distance between them at all, or any distance for that matter - it would then only take the particle, because of such controlled platforms and the utilization of gravitational, along with the other unified, forces, 0 Earth seconds to two light years less than one light second, which would seem to be the attainment of faster than the constant speed of light - for the light waves, or the photons (remember the wave-particle duality?), should have reached the destination point from the point of origin, or treaded the distance between the destination point and the point of origin, at a specific value of time and space relative to, or dependent on, the defined distance between the two said points, but have done so much faster with, seemingly, the same distance...

(note: Einstein proposed that if travel speeds of all other particles faster than that of light particles, or of photons, were not an impossibility (it is an impossibility because as a particle increases its speed, the more massive it becomes, and the more massive a particle, the more energy would have to be used for the particle to continue moving - it thus, again, becomes more massive due to the addition of energy unto itself -, more so if it needs to be constantly accelerated in order to attain speeds faster than that of photons'... so, as the particle reaches the speed closest to that of photons, it would then have been infinitely massive - because it would have added an infinite amount of energy unto itself -, - energy is equivalent to mass, for they are the same thing, therefore, the particle would need to have an infinite amount of energy to continue on moving and accelerating its then infinitely massive body so as to attain speeds faster than that of photons or of light...
- the energy within this universe is finite, and the size of this universe is finite as well, for it only SEEMS to be infinitely finite in size (the size of this universe is equated with its space dimensions perceived as infinite because this universe is, again, perceived as having no definite boundaries, much like the surface of the Earth - though this may be a highly probable assumption, it would still not have any substantial effect on the finity of this universe's space and time dimensions, as well as on the finity of this universe's matter and energy or mass content to be perceived as infinite, for this universe's dimensions of space, and even its dimension of time, would remain finite in any of its properties, because only in a state of singularity and, also, only in a platform beyond this universe's space and time dimensions could such properties of such dimensions have both infinite and zero values, for functional values of infinity and zero regarding any of the properties this universe's dimensions of space and time has, as well as its entire matter and energy or mass content, could only exist on a platform which is beyond this universe's dimensions of space and time... therefore, the dimensions of time and space that this universe has, along with its entire matter and energy or mass content, would always have values that are always unequal to both the values of infinity and zero regarding any of its properties... thus, the values of any property of such time and space dimensions', as well as the values of any property that its entire matter and energy or mass content, has, would always have both finite and unequal to zero values)... finite at a given coordinate of the dimension of time relative to the simultaneous coordinates of all its other dimensions, but is currently perceived as infinite in size relative to all the particles within this universe's, therefore the entirety of this universe's, most probable 'future' coordinates - for all the particles within this universe's 'future' coordinates on, or in, its dimensions of time and space would seem to have infinite probability values (SEEM to have such values of infinity, for the universe is presently perceived as infinitely finite in size in its dimensions of space, thus also in its dimension of time - for time and space are of the same coin, but represents each opposing side, though finite in its matter and energy or mass content), and, again, it remains finite because energy is equivalent to mass, and the energy within this universe is finite, thus the mass of the entire universe's matter content is finite as well, for, again, mass and energy is the same thing, therefore the expansion and seemingly continuous motion of this universe of ours are dependent on both the finity of this universe's time and space dimensions, and the matter and energy within it, which is finite as well...

but, with this in mind, after this universe has consumed the elasticity of its finite space, containing its finite energy or mass and equally finite matter content, this universe would then stop expanding in both the finite dimensions of time and space, thus also in the expansion of all this universe's equally finite matter and energy or mass content, or all such's apparent continuous motion would have stopped by then - for all this universe's particles' apparent continuous motion of moving further and further apart from each other, and as well as from the center of this universe, are directly proportional and, thus, dependent on the expansion or finity of its space and time dimensions, so all the particles within this universe would not be prevented from falling into each other's, as well as the center of this universe's, gravitational field, even if this universe's time and space dimensions are not expanding with all this universe's matter and energy or mass content - for, if this were the case, there would have to come a certain coordinate on the time dimension, as well as, because of this universe's apparent long, and never infinite in value nor of zero value but could only have finite values closest to that of both an infinite value and/or of zero value (as well as for both this universe's 'future' further expansion and contraction), period of existence, there should have been a coordinate of the time dimension, which would and should have placed certain more massive matter and energy or mass on certain coordinates on this universe's space dimensions that would and should have not prevented such from falling into each's gravitational field, and even from falling into the gravitational field of the center of this universe, where all the matter and energy or mass content of this universe originated, dispelled by the Big Bang - for such would have to happen or should have happened because of this universe's finite time and space dimensions and its equally finite matter and energy or mass content... and, after such events, all this universe's matter and energy or mass content would then fall back, or should have fallen back, into each's gravitational field and, consequentially, into the gravitational field of the center of this universe - for the advent of more massive matter and energy or mass falling into each's gravitational field or the center of the universe's gravitational field would result even more massive matter and energy or mass, thus exponentially raising the actual probabilities of more and more matter and energy or mass that this universe has of falling into each's gravitational field and the center of this universe's gravitational field (because the more massive matter is, or becomes, the stronger its gravitational field, or the stronger it gets), until all the matter and energy or mass have fallen into the center of this universe's gravitational field, each on top of each's gravitational field, therefore curling the space around it into itself, due to both an infinitely immense and zero gravitational field (because such gravitational field would now be in a state of singularity or a state that is beyond this universe's current time and space dimensions, therefore beyond this universe's current space dimensions which makes finite gravity, or gravity that is always finite itself, possible, thus a value of infinity any property this universe's time and space dimensions, as well as this universe's finite matter or energy content, would not be possible because such a value of any property with a value of infinity would always be restricted to a platform beyond this universe's present time and space dimensions, for anything, or any property that is possible in a platform beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, as well as beyond this universe's finite matter or energy content, could never exist within a platform beyond the said platform, which is this universe's present space and time dimensions containing this universe's finite energy or mass content, and a 0 value of either gravity or any property this universe's dimensions of time and space and matter or energy content would never be allowed by Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty, because a value of zero any property of this universe's time and space dimensions, as well as any property this universe's finite matter or energy content, has, would then be definite or certain, which is not possible in a universe with a working Principle of Uncertainty) thus reverting into a state of singularity which it were theoretically in before the, APPARENTLY or SEEMINGLY, first Big Bang, wrapped up by the curled space and time dimensions, now in a state of singularity, thus in a state beyond this universe's current time and space dimensions, therefore having both infinite and zero values regarding all the properties of its former time and space dimensions, also having this universe's then (prior to this universe being in such a theoretical state of singularity) finite matter and energy curled upon a ball of itself composed of, yes, finite matter and energy content, but also having the properties of, because such states of singularity are beyond this universe's present dimensions of time and space, both infinite and zero values of mass and density, all such events bound to happen or should have happened because of the finity of this universe's current, or present, time and space dimensions (additional support for this argument would be the second law of thermodynamics, which states that an ordered system contained within a dimension of time would have to revert into a disordered sysstem, for disorder is directly proportional to the passing of time, or as time increases, so does disorder, and disorder is clearly seen in any ordered system this universe's time and space dimensions contain, as time increases or with the passing of time)...

and, after all such particles have fallen back to each's, as well as the center of this universe's, gravitational field, all the particles within this universe would have, by then, fallen back into the center of this universe's gravitational field, with each particle on top of all other particles within this universe, thus it would then have reverted back to its original state - a state of singularity, which has the properties of being composed of finite matter and energy or mass as a ball of matter and energy with both the values of zero and infinite mass and density, wrapped up by the former time and space dimensions (now in a state that is beyond its former, thus this universe's, time and space dimensions, therefore having both zero and infinite values) curled around the ball by both its infinitely immense gravitational field, and zero gravitational field... and, what would prevent this state of singularity, no different from that of the original state of singularity theoretically present in the pre-Big Bang scenario, from another similar explosion or another similar Big Bang?

Well, it could not be prevented from doing so, thus, everything, stated as such, would happen the exact way all the events happened from the original Big Bang, then to the second and similar Big Bang, which would result in a second and similar expansion or a second similar apparent continuous motion of this universe, and would continue doing or repeating this system beyond time, therefore such repetitive expansions and contractions would be infinite, unless the platform which contains this universe of ours, therefore the platform beyond this universe's space-and-time frame/continuum:
- has a finite dimension of time;
- has finite dimensions of space;
- has finite matter and energy or mass content;
*of which such properties are also found in the dimensions of this universe of ours, therefore making it an impossibility for such properties to be any actual property of a platform beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, as well as beyond this universe's finite matter or energy content*
- and events happening on this platform which contains this universe of ours or beyond this universe's space-and-time frame/continuum affect the state of this universe's dimensions, its matter and mass/energy content, the motion of all the particles within this universe, the events happening within this universe, and the nature or behaviour of all the particles within this universe...;...

*but, as to how we currently perceive, based from our observations, the present state of this universe of ours, as well as the physical laws that govern this universe, this would not be the case regarding the properties of the dimensions the platform containing this universe of ours, or the platform beyond this universe's, the same universe the platform contains, dimensions of time-and-space, because, as I will further discuss later:
- this universe of ours is changing because of its time dimension, and only in time could we have change. And, in this universe of ours, inertia is only APPARENTLY, or SEEMINGLY, changeless;
- this universe of ours is both divided and finite because it has the dimensions of space, and only in space could we have gravity, which is divided, and electricity, which is finite. And,, in this universe of ours, gravity and electricity are only APPARENTLY, or SEEMINGLY, undivided and infinite, respectively;

so, the platform containing this universe would have to be beyond this universe's dimensions of space-and-time;
- thus, if the said platform would have to be beyond this universe's time dimension, it would have to be changeless;
- and, if the said platform is beyond this universe's dimensions of space, it would have to be both undivided and infinite;
- therefore, it could not, in any way, affect the universe it contains, for the changeless has no control over the changing, the undivided has no power over the divided, and the infinite has no bearing over the finite...
*note on this: thus, it would be highly probable to assume that such repetitive expansions and contractions of this universe would be of infinite value, though the dimensions of time and space this universe has would still, and would infinitely continue to, be finite - for the finity of this universe's time and space dimensions are restricted within such infinitely repetitive expansions and contractionss of this universe, and reverts to zero values, as well as, yes, infinite values, as it is in infinitely repetitive states of singularity, for such states of singularity are finite matter and energy or mass in a ball of such matter and mass or energy with both infinite and zero values of mass and density, and if it has infinite and zero values of mass or energy, then such states of singularity are beyond this universe's dimensions of time and space, thus giving it both such zero and infinite values of time and space, though the state of the time and space dimensions of this universe in such states of singularity would, as I have stated, yes, have both zero and infinite values of time and space, but such dimensions of time and space would also be in a state that is beyond this universe's dimensions of time and space, therefore it would be bounded by and restricted within the dimensions of the platform that it originally operated on or originally contained it, so it would be a part of the platform that was beyond its original (prior to and after it was in such states of singularity) time and space dimensions, but this would give us the idea that, when the universe is in such states of singularity, the platform originally containing it would then have the power to manipulate or control this universe's current, or the properties of this universe's time and space dimensions, as well as the properties of its matter and energy or mass content, while in a state of expansion and contraction - it would still not have such power to control or manipulate this universe's time and space dimensions', as well as its matter and energy or mass content's, properties while in such states of both expansion and contraction, for the properties that it would have to manipulate or control are beyond the platform's dimensions, and not the properties in a state beyond this universe's time and space dimensions, and if it does have the power to manipulate or control such properties while in states of singularity or in a state beyond this universe's dimensions of space and time, the changes, which can not be possible in the said platform, which is beyond this universe's dimensions and properties, therefore beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, or effects, which can never be close to any causal effect that can happen or has happened, and was made or would make on its properties while in states of singularity or a state beyond this universe's dimensions of space and time, would still have no effect, whatsoever, on the properties that it would have after it reverts to, and while in, its infinite states of expansion and contraction......

and, therefore, the dimensions of this universe's time and space would always be finite, as only such expansions and contractions are infinitely repetitive, thus, this universe's time and space dimensions would only infinitely repeat itself only while contained within a platform beyond this universe's time and space dimensions, thus this universe would be contained by the platform in both infinite and zero values of time, because of the infinite nature of the platform, therefore all the said platform's dimensions, which contains this universe - for the entirety of this universe, therefore its time and space dimensions, are contained within, or operate on, a platform beyond this universe's time and space dimensions, giving such a platform both zero values of time and space, and as well as infinite values of time and space...
(this also paves the way for this line of thinking - functional theoretical or hypothetical mathematical values of zero and infinity to be used on the finite properties of this universe's finite dimensions of time and space, as well as on its finite matter and energy or mass content would not have any functional value, whatsoever, within this universe's finite dimensions of time and space, for it would only have bearing and functional value to a platform that is beyond this universe's time and space dimensions, which would have both infinite and zero values of such a platform's dimensions' properties - so, as this line of thinking paves the way for another line of thinking, if such values of infinity and zero regarding any property this universe's space and time dimensions, as well as its matter and energy or mass content, has, could exist in our minds as having functional theoretical values on any property this universe's finite time and space dimensions, as well as its matter and mass or energy content, has, would it not tell us that our minds are not, in any way, the same thing as our brains and its electrical, mechanical and chemical activities, for such values could only exist or have functional properties or values on a platform beyond this universe's dimensions of time and space? And, would it also not tell us that our minds are connected, if not of, the platform beyond this universe's time and space dimensions which contain it?
*note on this: Thus, this may probably be the underlying concept of the second cosmological constant:
- if something is created, it must have a creator;
- probably the underlying concept of 'free will';
- and the underlying concept of the creation created in the likeness of the creator...
then, this universe is contained within the platform which the creator, or God, if you may, operates, and our minds are connected to, if not of, the said platform and the said creator, which would then tell us of the 'intelligent design' of this universe, and the purpose of everything contained within this universe of ours:
- for its finite internal nature and content;
- defined internal behaviour of such its finite nature and content;
- the infinite repetitions of all its finite internal actions or behaviour;
- and ourselves, specially our minds...
but it would also mean that 'free will' would only be within our minds, the arbitrary platform, and the said platform, thus, would have no bearing nor functional control over all this universe's dimensions, all its contents, all its pre-defined behavioural patterns, its nature, and all our actions or all our thoughts produced by all the physical activities of all our equally physical brains, and the like here in this universe's time and space dimensions. So, we have mistaken actual free will for seemingly free will...

and this would also tell us that our minds are one with, connected to, and from the mind of the creator...

...this could be a glimpse on the essence of the soul, if not on the soul or the soul itself, as well as a glimpse on the platform beyond and contains this universe's time and space dimensions as the mind of the creator, or the mind of God...*
*another note on this: this is probably the underlying concept of the first cosmological constant - that when something is created, it must have purpose, and thus, this universe of ours, along with all the particles within it, have well-planned purposes of both seemingly infinite continuity and apparently finite content and such content's finite behaviour, governed by apparently changeless or unchanging, and seemingly definite or final, physical laws, as well as changeless or unchanging, and definite or final, behaviour and/or motion of all the particles within this universe, or all the matter and energy or mass that composes all the dimensions of this universe of ours...

and, what exists within this universe cannot exist outside it or within the platform that contains it, for particles that only exist in the dimensions of space-and-time can never do any change, let alone exist, within a platform that is beyond its space-and-time dimensions, for, again, only in time could particles within this universe, which has a dimension of time, do anything as, because of the dimension of time, it is a perpetually changing universe, and, again, neither could such particles within this universe actually exist in a platform beyond this universe's space dimensions, for only in space could we have gravity and electricity, and only in space could such particles within this universe, which has dimensions of space, actually exist as, because of the dimensions of space that produces gravity and electricity, it is a divided and finite universe, respectively
(though, as I have explained, our minds operate on the platform that contains this universe's space and time dimensions and its entire matter and energy or mass contents, and are only connected, from the platform beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, to this universe's space and time dimensions...
- thus, we exist on the platform containing the entirety of this universe, which is beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, through and by our minds, and the platform containing our minds, which are our physical entities, could only exist on this universe's space and time dimensions... - therefore our minds have the properties of understanding both finite, zero and infinite values of the properties such platforms have, as well as understanding all the other properties that both platforms have, though the existence of such properties of our minds would not have any functional effect on each's own platform that contains such minds, as well as on the dimensions of this universe's space and time, and limited to the functional changeless effects, relative to the changing effects that can happen or be made in this universe of ours, on the properties of the platform beyond this universe's space and time dimensions (though only our minds could exist in such a platform that is beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, for the platform that contains our minds could only exist, let alone do anything, on this universe's time and space dimensions), but our minds could not do any change on the said platform, for it is beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, and only in time could any change, thus any action whatsoever, be made, though our minds could very well make changeless effects on the said platform... therefore, our minds:
- are in an arbitrary state or an arbitrary platform, relative to this universe's space and time dimensions and the platform that contains this universe, which is beyond this universe's time and space dimensions;
- connected to this universe's space and time dimensions, though restricted from doing any change or any functional effect to any property of this universe's space and time dimensions;
- and exist on the platform that contains this universe, which is beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, and has changeless effects on the properties of the said platform, 'cause the dimensions of the platform, which are beyond this universe's time and space dimensions, as well as the properties of its matter and energy or mass content, restricts our minds from making any change - for the said platform is beyond this universe's time dimension, therefore beyond time, and only in time could there be any change...
so, our minds are beyond this universe's space and time dimensions, beyond the platform that contains this universe, can neither have, but exist within it as having theoretical functional values, the properties of zero, infinite nor any finite value, and beyond such two platforms - either all at the same time, or on separate time-streams...*

thus, otherwise, when the universe falls back into a second and similar state of singularity, as of the first state of singularity it was theoretically in or the first pre-Big Bang scenario, all the matter or energy this universe initially had during the first state of singularity would still be present upon the second or succeeding and always similar states of singularity it would be in, and the behaviour of all the particles of this universe in its second or succeeding and similar states of singularity or pre-Big Bang scenarios, as well as its behaviour after the Big Bang and in succeeding states of singularity it would be in, would always be the same relative to the first state of singularity this universe was theoretically in or the first pre-Big Bang scenario. Thus, the events that would happen within the dimensions of this universe on its second or succeeding expansions or apparent continuous motion, as well as the events on its second contraction and succeeding contractions, would always be the same, for the same matter or energy is present, and the same matter or energy would behave the exact way as it did before on the same platform of all its same dimensions, in which the same platform of the same dimensions are composed of the same matter or energy...
*note on this: this is, perhaps, the underlying concept of pre-destination or pre-definition*

so, I am led to think just how many times we all, and every particle within this universe of ours, have seen and done the same things, thought the same thoughts, and been placed on the same coordinates of all this universe's dimensions, as well as how many times have we all led, or lived, the same lives...),

(And, back from where we took off:)
a particle, other than photons, having a specific critical speed faster than that of the current speed limit, which is the constant speed of light, the space between its take-off point and a full-circle destination point would actually seem to be zero( it would actually seem to be zero because of the speed it has on treading the said space between the two points), thus it would take the particle travelling at a certain critical speed faster than that of photons or light waves a 0 value of time - then the particle would have travelled full-circle of the space between the two said points of seemingly 0 value of space, at the same time consuming 0 value of time for the said trip... therefore, the particle would arrive at the destination point before taking off from its point of origin... impossible? yes, for it is an impossibility for any particle other than that of photons to attain speeds faster than that of light or of photons, and neither a possibility could any property of this universe's space and time dimensions, as well as any property of this universe's matter and energy or mass content, hold any functional values of both zero and infinity, so, conversely, if it were possible for any particle other than photons to attain such speeds faster than that of light or of photons, as well if it were a possibility for any property of this universe's time and space dimensions, and mass or energy and matter content, have functional actual values of both zero and infinity, the former impossibility, stated as such, would then have to be a possibility...)

Furthermore, with effective and efficient magnetization and demagnetization of every single particle contained within the universe theoretically at hand, what would stop one from using such scientific knowledge for technological purposes in securing oneself? One could produce perfect armory, or even perfect weapons - one could produce armory that would repel every particle it was programmed to deem as a threat to its security, and attract particles it was programmed to deem as necessary for its sustainability, and one could produce weapons that would repel every particle it chooses in its path, with such a force one well chooses... a bomb that could perhaps repel and therefore displace every particle it was programmed to repel in its path, without actually causing harm to the displaced particles? what if such a bomb was set to repel and displace an area which is protected by armory that was programmed to repel every particle it deems as a threat to its security (included, therefore, all forces, in which all known forces have actual particles)? would the counteracting forces just cancel each other out? I think so - thus, when the theoretical 'imaginary time' comes that such weapons and armory are then mass produced, wars, or, specifically, securing global power and influence through wars, and through a continuous display of power and global dominance through any means related to war, either gloabal physical wars or global psychological wars, would be nothing more than a foolish game, in which the outcome would always be deadlocks *refer to 'societal evolution, again by Marx Melencio, for a conceptual thesis suggesting that the present global reality needs a push so as for future developmental changes in global societies that are bound to happen, or are inevitable, to happen much earlier than its apparently highest probable eventual time of happening*. Also, when such are produced, the current scare regarding the production of anti-matter and its possible utilization as a weapon of mass destruction would then be
deemed as actually baseless, for one could easily program such theoretical armory to repel even the particles, anti-particles - to be more precise, composing anti-matter, for it would be popularly known then... thus, anti-matter would only be used or utilized as a prime and efficient energy source, and nothing more (anti-matter has 40% efficiency in terms of energy production, produces no waste materials whatsoever, but, if it comes into contact with matter, it annihilates or vaporizes itself and all the matter it came in contact with 200,000,000 times its own size or radius, while the most efficient means of producing energy at the present is nuclear fusion, which has only 6% efficiency, produces radioactive or toxic waste materials, and is 50,000,000 times less destructive than anti-matter, but still destructive nonetheless...). (CERN, the world's largest and most advanced scientific research institute located at Geneva, Switzerland, is continually producing 'usable' anti-matter - with the use of the largest particle-accelerator-and-collidrant ever built, in which two photons (particles which light waves are composed of) are accelerated to speeds minutely faster than the speed of light on opposite directions, then collided with each other to produce a physical phenomena known as the 'singularity', a physical state of matter and energy with the properties of infinite mass and infinite densities, theoretically present only at the 'pre-Big Bang scenario', in which the process produces matter and energy (anti-matter included) seemingly or apparently not present beforehand - out of only the materials present, which is an impossibility based on the current physical laws which operate and govern the present state of the universe (conservation of mass or energy, finite values of mass or energy, etc.).
*note on this: matter and energy in a state of singularity would not have the same internal physical laws as those that govern and bound our universe, so, through the rules of advanced Rubix, both applied and theoretical differential mathematics, and supported by the basic rules of deduction and logic, such matter or energy in a state of singularity would have definite reciprocities with its former properties while in such a state of singularity*

for the sci-fi lovers: with such theoretical knowledge at hand, one could assume that if one has devised a plan in which to reach the center of the universe (not necessarily the center of the universe, for a small portion of a specific area would be enough, but, for now, the center of the universe would be used so as to effectively and efficiently convey or make a point in a creative manner of delivery), with equipment to map all surrounding particles from the said center (future developments on present computer systems fused with future developments on present satellite technologies would produce such an equipment, much easier or sooner if just to be used on all particles within a specific area such as a portion on the surface of the Earth, and not all the surrounding particles from the center of the universe), and another equipment powerful enough to either magnetize and demagnetize all such surrounding particles back to their certain prior positions or to their most probable 'future' positions (the production or development of such an equipment would, again, be easier or sooner if only to be used on all the particles within a specific area such as a portion on the surface of the Earth, and not on all the surrounding particles from the center of the universe), this person would have total control over the universe's space-time dimension/continuum.
ie. the travel time it would take from this point of the universe to its center is approximated to be 800,000,000 Earth years, and if a person with equipment powerful enough to map, then either magnetize or demagnetize, all surrounding particles from the said center of the universe, devised a scheme in which to survive the two-way trip (approximately 1,600,000,000 Earth years) in which the person either uses his magnetizing-and-de-magnetizing equipment on him while travelling so as to freeze the particles of his body and all surrounding particles from his body at a critical radius, therefore putting a halt to the person's natural ageing process and need for sustenance, or even a scheme in which the person utilizes the control of the unified physical forces to curve the space-time frame between this point to the center of the universe either further inwards or outwards to lessen the travel time... so, assuming he (survives the trip) reaches the center of the universe in exactly 100 Earth years, magnetizes all surrounding particles from the center back to their prior positions exactly 200 Earth years and an Earth day, then after doing so commences on his trip back to the other point, which takes him exactly 100 Earth years to do so, he would therefore arrive exactly a day earlier, in terms of events within the space-time dimension/continuum and not on most people's current concept of 'imaginary time', wouldn't he?

*now my question, or rather questions, are: would he see himself planning on his trip and doing what he did at that 'imaginary time'? No, he would not - his particles, along with every particle he brought with him to the center of the universe, were not reversed or placed back to their prior positions... would everything, every event, be exactly what it was at that point in 'imaginary time'? No, it would not - for the particles he brought with him to the center of the universe prior to the reversal of all surrounding particles from the center affect either the reversal or the fast-tracking of all the surrounding particles from the center again either to place them to their prior or 'future' positions, and, of course, the person needs to have first a map of all the prior positions of all such particles within the time-space-frame (the event-frame would be more precise...) the person wants to place either back or fast-track to their prior and 'future' positions, respectively, so as for the events would be just as what they were, or will, or closest to what they were, or would be - at a certain level that would not be 100% accurate, only closest to the accuracy rate of 100% (otherwise, the events would be in no way even remotely similar, or close, to the prior and 'future' events, respectively), then such controlled reversals and, more so, fast-tracking would be nothing more than alternate 'past and future time-streams' ('past and future event-streams would be more precise)... so this would also hold true in fast-tracking processes.

*note on this: if such reversals and fast-tracking of events in this universe were, indeed, to happen, it would not negate the statements I have made earlier regarding the highly probable repetitive nature of the universe as the, quite possibly, underlying concept of pre-definition or pre-destination - for how would we know that such events had happened, thus would continue to happen in the present, as well as the succeeding, repetitive expansions and contractions of this universe? And, if this is the first of the repetitive expansions and contractions of this universe, then, if such were to happen, the succeeding repetitive expansions and contractions of this universe would allow such exactly similar events to happen again, as I have discussed earlier*

*note on the above paragraph, and most of the prior paragraphs: when this theoretical 'imaginary' time comes, it would be the end of development in any form other than spiritual/metaphysical and morality-based, knowledge-seeking in any form other than spiritual/metaphysical and morality-based, and philosophy in any form other than spiritual/metaphysical and morality-based... and this would be, perhaps, the underlying concept of the attainment of the highest level of consciousness*

and, as an afterthought, i'm afraid the scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century up to present scientific breakthroughs have not yet reached yet most educational institutions, specially in less-developed countries, specifically the tertiary level in technological fields of specialization (ie. engineering, systems design and programming, etc.) in terms of current curriculum standards - most of these institutions do not yet require substantial knowledge on non-Euclidean geometry, and only require the knowledge on the now debunk Euclidean geometry - it is of utmost importance that our engineers and every other technologist, to have a working and functional knowledge of non-Euclidean geometry - for these people are the ones designated by the government to assess the construction of our homes, office buildings, public structures, and energy (along with other resources) distribution and production, machinery design and production, computer systems design and production, telecommunications, information dissemination, etc. If they still use Euclidean geometry in all these, i'm afraid it would defeat their role as technologists - that is, to increase efficiency and effectivity of such scientific knowledge to alleviate present human conditions... it is now known in, at least in the scientific world, that the application of geometry for human utilization, therefore its technological counterparts, should always be that of non-Euclidean geometry, and not the now debunk Euclidean geometry - case in point - it is known that we are operating on a platform (within the universe) that is five-dimensional, namely length;width;height;the curvature of space in which these three prior dimensions/coordinates operate; and time (we just cannot have a dimension of space without a dimension of time, and neither can we have gravity without curving the space around it)... Euclidean geometry deals with, yes, three dimensional structures, but the said structure is contained within a flat two-dimensional surface or platform, regardless that it is ready to operate on a 3 dimensional platform: a three-dimensional structure within a two, or even a three, dimensional platform - non-Euclidean geometry deals with five-dimensional structures within a five-dimensional platform... it is now known, at least, again, in the scientific world, that, because of the five-dimensional nature of the universe, specifically, when talking about technological utilization of such scientific knowledge, when operating on the Earth's surface, Euclidean laws are ineffective and inefficient compared to non-Euclidean laws regarding its technological utilization - ie. one can now have a triangle with three right angles, all because of the five-dimensional nature of the platform one would be operating on (the construction of structures on the Earth's surface, etc.) - Euclidean geometric laws operate on a two dimensional platform (say such geometric laws are even ready to operate on the third dimension), though the said platform does not actually exist, so why use Euclidean geometric laws in: the construction of structures; produce energy and plan its distribution; produce telecommunication schemes; mechanical planning of all machineries; etc., when such things I have stated are actually found and actually operate on a five-dimensional platform, aside from the fact that such things are five-dimensional in nature?

I have spent a lot of time on both the concept of time I have stated earlier and most people's current or present concept of time, and, probably, because of some hopefully substantial concepts I have read and come up with, we can now probably have two definitions of most people's current or present concept of time and one that would give us a universal standard in which to measure time. The first definition of our present concept of time, not to be viewed as time to be imaginary or time and space being of the same coin, as what I have stated earlier because I am expounding on our CURRENT or PRESENT concept of time, would be:
- time is the motion in which we measure all other motions (from the physicist John Nordberg);

The second definition of time would be:
- time is the set of events observed to be seemingly happening simultaneously relative to any observer's internal events as points of reference, which would always be the events happening within himself relative to all events that are apparently simultaneously happening all around him;

and, again from the physicist John Nordberg, the universal standard in which to measure time would be:
- utilizing both the fastest and most constant motion there is in this universe, which is the speed of light's particles called photons, or of light itself, as a standard motion in which to measure all other motions...

It is currently an impossibility to go faster than the speed of light, as I have discussed earlier, and gravitational force, which affects all particles in this universe, only affects light's particles' path and not its speed or velocity... thus, we could measure time in this universe of ours by using the speed of light to measure all other observable motions, ie. fractions of the speed of light to measure all observable motions, 'cause we currently use the motion of the sun to measure all other observable motions, and mechanical or even atomic clocks, based on the sun's motion, to measure all other observable motions, as a standard in measuring time, which would always have discrepancies - this is because when the motion that is being used to measure all other motions are not constant nor the fastest motion there is in this universe, its motion would greatly affect in measuring all other similarly inconsistent motions (the rotation of the Earth on its axis, the revolution of the Earth on its orbit, as well as the motion of the solar systems and the galaxies, in relation to the universe's motion or expansion, are all inconsistent...), and the faster the motion of the sun or the clocks (which are the motions we currently use in measuring all other motions), as well as more and more distance is between an observer and the sun or a clock, and an observer and the sun or a clock are moving further and further apart from each other, the greater the discrepancies in their internal and external motions relative to all other observable motions
(ie. a clock is accelerated further and further away from an observer, who is also moving away from the clock, thus creating more and more distance or space between the clock and the observer, therefore making it longer and longer for light and sound waves, aside from all other particles in motion therefore having speed, to bridge the gap between the clock and the observer. With this, an observer moving nearer and nearer the clock would see and hear the hands and the chimes of the clock earlier than the observer moving away from the clock, and the internal motion of the clock, or the motion of the hands or the digital display of the clock, would appear to move slower and slower to the observer moving away from the clock as more and more distance is created between the said observer and the clock. Plus, the motions of both the clock and the observer slows down the internal motions of each moving body, and this is why a clock would stop if it is moving at the speed of light - for its potential energy, which it uses for the internal motion it has, would have to be used upon itself, so as to propel itself further and further to reach and maintain such a speed, thus converting the potential energy it has for its internal motion into kinetic energy in the form of force for such motion or speed...

Therefore, time would then be:
- the distance or space between two particles, dependent on the moving particle's speed in treading the said distance, which the particle would need to tread at a certain critical speed in order to arrive at the destination point from its point of origin;
- a set of seemingly, relative to an observer, simultaneous events in a given area, again relative to an observer's 'internal' events (or motion) within the given area;
- measured by the positions of a particle relative to apparently (relative to the observer particle) simultaneous positions of all other particles within a given area;
- measured using the fastest and most constant motion there is in the universe, which is the speed of light or of photons, in order to have a universal standard to measure all other motions;
- and always relative to an observer: in relation to both the observable particles or events around the observer and the observer's 'internal' events or motion...
*note on this: we always see, hear and feel events after they happen, never while the said events are actually happening - for light waves, sound waves and sensations of perception in the form of electrical impulses all need to travel the space between the observer and the event being observed, such as the distance between two such events, the distance between our sensory organs and the other event, which are again affected by the time it takes for the sensory perceptions, always in the form of electrical impulses, to first reach our brains, and which are then again affected by the time it takes for our brains to process the information it recieves...*

Upon reading, and with the substantial help of citations from, 'Einstein's Physics Of Illusion © 1980 by John Dobson', I would like to expound on the question of 'why matter and energy is massive' or 'what makes matter and energy massive',
To answer this, we must use Einstein's re-understanding of geometry and, thus, re-understanding of physics. As I have stated earlier, we now know that Euclid was wrong with his geometric laws and functions - for it operated on a platform that does not actually exist - Euclid formulated theoretical geometry about a theoretical space which does not actually exist, and Newton was wrong with his physics as well - for he based his physics from Euclid's theoretical geometry about a theoretical space which does not actually exist, thus Newton's physics was a theoretical one about a theoretical universe which does not actually exist, realized upon the re-understanding of geometry by Einstein: we now know that what we have been calling matter, mass or inertia is really just energy - it is just potential energy. Also with the re-understanding of geometry, we now know that what we have been calling rest mass, which is responsible for the heaviness of particles and their resistance to being shaken, is really just energy. Einstein explained all these concepts in his famous equation E=mc2. The mathematical concept of this equation is that for a particle seemingly at rest (remember, all particles within this universe of ours are in motion because it is an expanding, thus moving, universe), its mass is equivalent to its energy, and vice-versa. The c2 is just in case your units of space and time don't match. If you've chosen to measure space in an arbitrary unit and time in another arbitrary unit, and if you have not taken the trouble to connect the two
units, then, for your system you have to put in the c2. so, we now measure the time in years and
the distance in light-years, and the units correspond. That "c" in the equation is the speed of light in your system of units, and if you've
chosen years and light-years then the speed of light in your system is one. And if you square it, it's still one, and the equation doesn't change. The equation simply says that energy and mass are the same thing.

Then, we must choose which elemental force available in this universe of ours makes such particles massive. We must consider that what one should look for is potential energy, for particles that seem to be at rest are also hard to shake and massive. Radiation or the weak and strong nuclear forces are out of the question, for such elemental forces of energy never seem to stand still, as well as magnetic forces of energy, and kinetic energy. So, that leaves us with electrical and gravitational forces of energy. And, such answers to the questions above would then be available:
(note: as one winds up a wound-up clock, it grows more massive or heavier, and thus it gets harder to shake... the clock is wound-up or winds up against a spring inside its internal mechanism... this is because, the more we wind up a clock, the more potential energy we put into it, and potential energy, as I have stated, is the only thing that is hard to shake in this universe of ours...)

- all the particles in this universe are wound up against gravitational force:
such particles are wound up against gravitational force or the gravitational field just by being spaced away from itself against the gravitational pull inward, and it turns out to be just the right amount...;
all the particles within the universe were dispelled from the center of the universe by the advent of the Big Bang, and thus, they are moving away from the gravitational field of this universe, which originates from the center of this universe;
and, when such particles move away from each's gravitational field, as well as from the center of this universe's gravitational field, they are resisting each's want to fall back, thus making each of them massive - for as they resist falling back to each's gravitational field, as well as resist falling back to the center of this universe's gravitational field, using the initial force brought about by the advent of the Big Bang, the more energy is needed by each resisting particle to get further away from the pull of the gravitational field, thus the addition of energy upon itself is equivalent to the mass it adds upon itself, making it always massive...

- all the particles within this universe of ours is wound up against electricity:
such particles are wound up against electrical force or the electrical field just by being spaced inwards upon itself against the resistance of such particles to fall back upon each other's gravitational field or the center of this universe's gravitational field, which tries to pull all such particles upon each's gravitational field and the center of this universe's gravitational field, and it turns out to be just the right amount...;
all particles within this universe of ours push their like charges toward each other;
as particles push their two electrons toward each other they have to do work, and they get heavier or more massive as their electrons get more massive;
as particles push their two protons toward each other, they, too, have to do work, thus they get more massive as their protons get more massive;
as particles push their like charges together, their electrical charges become very small, and they become more massive;
and as all the particles within this universe of ours are spaced-out or resisting to fall back upon each's gravitational field, as well as the center of this universe's gravitational field, they become small in the electrical field, thus they are always massive...
*note on this: when a particle is spaced-out or resisting to fall back to a gravitational field, it is impossible for the particle not to become small in the electrical field, for, very much like time and space, electrical and gravitational forces are of the same coin, but represents each opposing side...*

Now, such concepts could probably answer the quesstions regarding the internal physical laws that govern a state of singularity and the platform which contains this universe of ours.

We see or perceive this universe of ours as finite, divided and changing, which means that:

first, because of space, this universe of ours is both divided and finite - for only in space could contain matter and energy;
and, because of time, this universe of ours is changing - for only in time could there be change because only in time could anything happen;

Thus, within a state of singularity and within the platform that contains this universe of ours, such platforms are beyond the physical laws that govern our un