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Brook Taylor, born at Edmonton on August 18, 1685, and died in London on December 29, 1731, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and was among the most enthusiastic of Newton's admirers. From the year 1712 onwards he wrote numerous papers in the Philosophical Transactions, in which, among other things, he discussed the motion of projectiles, the centre of oscillation, and the forms taken by liquids when raised by capillarity. In 1719 he resigned the secretaryship of the Royal Society and abandoned the study of mathematics. His earliest work, and that by which he is generally known, is his Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa, published in London in 1715.
The applications of the calculus to various questions given in the Methodus have hardly received that attention they deserve. The most important of them is the theory of the transverse vibrations of strings, a problem which had baffled previous investigators. The Methodus also contains the earliest determination of the differential equation of the path of a ray of light when traversing a heterogeneous medium; and, assuming that the density of the air depends only in its distance from the earth's surface, Taylor obtained by means of quadratures the approximate form of the curve. The form of the catenary and the determination of the centres of oscillation and percussion are also discussed.
A treatise on perspective by Taylor, published in 1719, contains the earliest general enunciation of the principle of vanishing points; though the idea of vanishing points for horizontal and parallel lines in a picture hung in a vertical plane had been enunciated by Guido Ubaldi in his Perspectivae Libri, Pisa, 1600, and by Stevinus in his Sciagraphia, Leyden, 1608.
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