Top: Science: Biology: Histology: Cell Structures: Plasma Membrane


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Plasma membrane

The plasma membrane (or plasmalemma) is phospholipid bilayer that forms the boundaries of the cell. It is a trilaminar structure with polar head groups sandwiching a hydrophobic sheet of fatty acids. The plasma membrane is not visible under light microscopy, but under electron microscopy, they appear as two electron-dense sheets with an electron-lucent sheet in the middle. The glycocalyx coat may also be visible on the extracellular facet of the membrane.

The plasma membrane may have additional modifications that represent the function of the cell.


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Selective permeability

The plasma membrane serves as a barrier that only permits certain substances to pass. These include small uncharged molecules, such as water and carbon dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules, such as benzene. The hydrophobic middle of the lipid bilayer is a major reason the plasma membrane favors hydrophobic molecules.

Large uncharged molecules and ions cannot pass through the membrane by themselves. They often require protein channels or carriers to facilitate their entry into the cell. Endocytosis is also a method for cells to take up larger compounds.



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