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This category includes the cells of plants and animals, was well as living things that are not included in these kingdoms.
These are Fungi, Monera and Protista.
The latter consists mainly of microscopic organisms, which are neither animals or plants, and have a category devoted to them in
Microbiology
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The blastula is the very early stage of an animal embryo.
It comprises a hollow ball which has a wall only one cell thick.
At this stage the internal cavity, is known as the blastocoel.
Midway through the blastula stage, the embryo secretes the hatching enzyme which permits the proteolytic degradation of the fertilization membrane. This shape is not seen in plants.
The blastula stage comes to an end, when the number of cells is sufficient to generate the multicellular layers of the gastrula, before which all cells are morphologically identical.
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Cytogenetics is a subset of Cytobiology, concerned only with the chromosomal changes within the cell. In eukaryotes, the latter does not include events within the cytoplasm, which are nevertheless part of Cytobiology.
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Cytochemistry concerns the intracelluar processes, which are produced by cell components, in normal life cycle of the cell and in response to externally applied chemicals, which is often incompatible with the cell's survival.
see also: Cytokines
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Cell lines created in vitro by fusing cell of differentiated types.
eg. lymphocytes, of two species, or normal with one carrying a tumour.
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A term more often used by translators of Chinese and German, than in English speaking circles. In the former it is synonymous with Cell Biology, although in the scientific community it more often refers to events occuring within the living cell.
The most recent developments in Cytobiology have been in the field of cancer research, and the effect of Gene Therapy.
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