|
|
Broadband UV measurements in Norway may be dated back to 1965 at the University of Bergen. These measurements have continued since then. The first spectral UV measurements were made in 1966 in NY Alesund, Spistburgen. Since the early 80's there has been a steady growth in UV measurement activities which currently involves underwater and surface measurements by broadband and spectral radiometers. Norway actively participates in NOG (the Nordic Ozone Group) which coordinates research activities on ozone and ultra-violet radiation in the scandinavian countries. Norway has a very active theoretical modeling and monitoring program with a wide variety of investigators and activities. Norway is particularly active in international activities, including setting up monitoring stations in other countries. The most ambitious of these activities includes setting up a network of GUV-511s in Chile, South America, as well as in their own country.
|
|
A national UV-monitoring network consisting of 8 GUV multiband radiometers has been implemented, with 7 instruments installed and operated since the beginning of 1996. The latest GUV 541 has been operating at Osteras (60 N) since March 1999. Data are available from the NRPA.
The monitoring program is supported by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and by the Ministry of the Environment. The network is organized by the health and environmental authorities, as represented by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), and the State Pollution Authority (SFT). The UV-network in Chile is in charge of SFT and responsible for three network instruments in Oslo (60 N), Tromsoe (70 N), and Ny-Aalesund (79 N) respectively. NRPA has the primary responsibility of the rest of the network locations in Landvik (58 N), Kise (61 N), Bergen (60 N), and Trondheim (63 N) in addition to operating the network transfer standard instrument and a reference spectroradiometer at NRPA. Each instrument is maintained by the university or the research institution at the respective locations.
The multiband instruments have 5 channels at nominally 305 nm, 313 nm, 320 nm, 340 nm, and 380 nm, with simultaneous measurements taken at an average of one minute intervals. The computers operating these instruments have internet or modem connection to central computers at NILU and NRPA which automatically synchronize the local PC-clocks and transfer data every night. Computer models developed by Dahlback at NILU allow computation of total ozone amount, optical density, albedo, UV-doses with the application of different action spectra, beside spectral reconstruction from measurements with these instruments.
|
|
During the summer of 1995, a national intercomparison of UV-instruments was arranged at the University of Oslo. This established a link between measurements with the new and old instruments with the potential of coordinating UV measurements. Norway is also actively playing a part in Nordic and European intercomparison meetings linking data with international UV- networks. NRPA has developed calibration facilities for characterization and calibration of network instruments. This includes computer controlled setups for angular and spectral response measurements using a photofeedback regulated 1 kW Xe-lamp system connected with double spectrographs in subtractive dispersion coupling (reciprocal dispersion of 1.6 nm/mm) and quartz halogen lamp calibration setups.
|
|
1. Characterization of instruments with respect to temperature, cosine, and spectral responsivity
2. Regular stability checks of measurement data, applying methods outlined by Dahlback.
3. Intercomparison of network instruments with the transfer standard instrument
4. Stability control of transfer standard with lamp calibrations by the manufacturer (Bioshperical Instruments, Inc.) and by NRPA
5. Outdoor calibrations of transfer standard by simultaneos measurements of a reference spectroradiometer at the manufacturer and at NRPA
6. Intercomparison of transfer standard with reference instruments of internationalnetworks
Further information may be found in the reference below, which gives a review of the past, present, and future UV-measurement activities in Norway.
|
|
Instruments
Instrument Location Installed Contact
42 SL 500 Ny Alesund 1990-3 Jon-Borre Oerbaek
43 SL 501 Ny Alesund 1993 Jon-Borre Oerbaek
44 Jobin-Yvon Spectometer H32D Tromso shared with
Longyearbyen since 1991 1987 T. Svenoe
46 Jobin-Yvon Spectometer H10D Barents Sea 1991 T. Svenoe
47 Optronics 752 (290-400 nm) Trondheim 1993 B. Kjeldstad
48 Brewer #42 Oslo 1990 Tonnessen
48 Brewer #104 Tromso 1995 Trond Svenoe
49 GUV-511 Lillestrom moved to U. Oslo in 1994 1993 A. Dahlbeck
50 NILUV (narrow band filter) Lillestrom 1995 A. Dahlbeck
GUV-541 Landvik (58.2N) Feb. 96 Bjorn Johnsen
GUV-511 Oslo (59.9N) Feb. 1994 Bjorn Johnsen
GUV-541 Kise Jan. 1996 Bjorn Johnsen
GUV-541 Bergen Jan. 1996 Bjorn Johnsen
GUV-541 Trondheim Jan. 1996 Bjorn Johnsen
NILUV Alomar, Andoya Jul. 96 A. Dahlbeck
GUV-541 Tromso (69.9N) Jul. 96 A. Dahlbeck
GUV-541 Ny-Aelesund, Spitsbergen (78.9N) Jul. 96 A. Dahlbeck
SL 501 Finse 1992 Bjorn Johnsen
Bentham DM150 Oslo 1996 Bjorn Johnsen
Bentham DM300 Alomar 1996 T. Svenoe
|
|
NILU and Statens Straalevern (The Norwegian Radiation Protection Institute ) are in the process of setting up a network of 8 GUV-511s throughout Norway with the proposed sites including: Ny-Aalesund, Spisbergen, Tromsoe, Trondheim, Southern tip of Norway, Bergen, Finse, and an agriculture site between Oslo and Trondheim in addition to the existing GUV-511 in Oslo. These GUV-511s may be slightly different from the standard with a 312 channel instead of the PAR channel.
|
|
Arne Dahlbeck is currently setting up a network of GUV-511s in South America.
|
|
Arne Dahlback
Department of Physics
University of Olso
NORWAY
Geir Braathen
NILU
P.O. Box 100
Instituttveien 18
N-2007 Kjeller
NORWAY
Trond Svenoe
NILU-Tromso
Strandtorget 2B
P.O. Box 1245
N-9001 Tromso
Norway
University of Oslo
Finn Tonnessen
University of Oslo
Fysisk Institutt
PB 1048 Blindern
N-0316 Oslo
Norway
Lars Opedal
University of Oslo
Fysisk Institut
PB 1048 Blindern
N-0316 Oslo
Norway
NORUT IT
Arve Kylling
NORUT IT
N-9005 Tromso
Norway
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Berit Kjeldstad
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Fysisk Institutt, AVH
N-7055 Dragvoll, Trondheim
Norway
NRPA
Bjorn Johnsen
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
POB 55
Grini Naeringspark 13
N-1345 Osteras
Norway
Merete Hannevik
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
POB 55
Grini Naeringspark 13
N-1345 Osteras
Norway
Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI)
Jon-Borre Oerbaek
Norwegian Polar Institute
Middelthun gt. 29
POB 5072 Mojorstua
N-0301 Oslo
Norway
University of Bergen
Arvid Skartvedt
Geophysical Institute
University of Bergen
Allegaten 70
N-5020 Bergen
Norway
Agricultural University of Aas
Cecilia Futsaether
Agricultural University of Aas
Istitutt for tekniske fag
POB 5065
N-1432 Aas
Norway
Contacts in Chile:
Contacts for the GUV-511s:
Humberto Fuenzalida
Departamento de Geologia y Goefisica
Universidad de Chile
Casilla 277
Santiago
Chile
Contacts for the NILUVs:
Ricardo Monreal
Faculdad de Ciencias
Depto. Matematica y Fisica
Angamos/Zenteno
Punta Arena
Chile
|
|