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Finland is an active member of NOG (Nordic Ozone Group) which coordinates research activities on ozone and ultra- violet radiation in the nordic countries. At each station, the basic meteorological observations are made at least every 3 hours. In addition to the basic radiation observations, global, diffuse, and reflected solar radiation is measured. Meteorological soundings are made at least twice a day at the observatories. Ozone and aerosol soundings and column NO2 and OCIO measurements are performed at Sodankylä whereas the total ozone and SO2 columns are measured at Jokioinen and Sodankylä.
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FMI is responsible for atmospheric UV research and field measurements in Finland. UV monitoring began during the 1930s and has been operating with modern instruments since the late 1980s. Presently, there are two Brewers (one double monochromator and one single) which are monitoring the spectral distribution of UV (290-365nm). Seven SL 501 broadband instruments are also in operation around Finland. Measurements of total O3 and SO2 are carried out at the Brewer sites (Jokioinen and Sodankylä). Ozone and aerosol profiles are measured with sondes, lidars and microwave instruments at Sodankylä. Direct, diffuse and reflected components of solar radiation are measured at all of the stations, as well as routine weather observations.
The aims of UV research are to get a better understanding of the factors affecting radiative transfer of UV radiation in Northern Europe. These studies are based on measurements and radiative transfer models. The activities are closely linked to European EC (Environmental and Climate Program 1996-1998 & Nordic Council of Ministers projects) and global activities (WMO Scientific Steering Committee on UV). The results will be further used by several universities and institutes in Finland to study the effects of UV radiation on forests, agriculture, human health and water ecosystems.
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STUK maintains the national standard for UV irrandiance. The solar UV measurements by STUK are performed for calibration and testing purposes (mainly of SL 500 & SL 501) and for collecting clear weather data for reference. STUK has an optical laboratory and outdoor facilities for testing and characterizing of UV radiometers. Each solar UV monitoring broadband radiometer in Finland has been tested and calibrated in STUK prior to its installation. Presently, STUK is investigating improved methods for calibration of solar UV monitoring spectroradiometers. In 1995, STUK arranged the first global intercomparison of 26 erythemally weighted radiometers supported by the WMO. Besides the testing of the UV instruments, there has also been some studies carried out where the effects of spring time ozone depletions and reflection from the snow on UV exposure have been examined. Further work will be carried out to estimate the effect of past, present, and future UV climates on human health.
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The measurements of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health are carried out during campaigns where the UV exposure of outdoor workers are estimated.
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34 Brewer Mark II Sodankylä 1990
Brewer Mark III Jokioinen 1994
35 SL 500 Sodankylä 1993
36 SL 500 Jyvaskyla 1991
37 SL 500 Jokioinen 1991
38 Optronics 742 Helsinki 1989
Bentham DM 150 Helsinki 1996
39 SL 500 Helsinki
40 SL 501 Helsinki 1995 Jokela
192 SL 501 Sodankylä 1995
193 SL 501 Sotkamo 1995
SL 501 Vaasa 1995
194 SL 501 Jyvaskyla 1995
195 SL 501 Jokionen 1995
196 SL 501 Uto 1995
197 SL 501 Helsinki 1994
303 SL 501 Juupajoki 1995
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FMI:
Esko Kyro
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Sodankylä Meteorological Observatory
Ilmala
SF- 99600 Sodankylä
Finland
Petteri Taalas
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Siltasaarenkatu 12 A
P.O. Box 503
00101 Helsinki
Finland
Tapani Koskela
Senior Scientist of Section 03 and UV Research
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Climatological Division
P.O. Box 503
FIN-80101 Helsinki
Finland
Juhani Damski, Luit Dijkhuis
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Climatological Division
P.O. Box 503
FIN-80101 Helsinki
Finland
Markku Rummukainen
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Sodankylä Meteorological Observatory
Iimala
SF-99600 Sodankylä
Finland
Gilbert Leppelmeier
FMI/GEO
STUK:
Kari Jokela
STUK
P.O. Box 14
FIN-00881 Helsinki
Finland
Kirsti Leszcynski
STUK
P.O. Box 14
FIN-00881 Helsinki
Finland
University of Helsinki:
Pertti Hari
Department of Forest Ecology
P.O. Box 24
FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
Finland
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