Top: Health: Occupational Health and Safety: Biological Agents: Anthrax


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Overview

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It is generally acquired following contact with anthrax-infected animals or anthrax-contaminated animal products. Anthrax has received heightened attention recently because of its use as a biological warfare agent.


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What is Bacillus anthracis?

Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is a large, gram-positive, non-motile, spore-forming bacterial rod. The three virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis are edema toxin, lethal toxin, and a capsular antigen. Human anthrax has three major clinical forms: cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal.

Bacillus anthracis spores do not have a characteristic appearance such as color, smell, or taste. Spores themselves are too small to be seen by the naked eye, but have been mixed with powder to transport them.


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How can I be exposed to Bacillus anthracis?

Anthrax infection can occur in three forms:
Cutaneous (skin)
Inhalation
Gastrointestinal

Bacillus anthracis spores can live in soil for many years. Humans can become infected with anthrax by handling products from infected animals or by inhaling anthrax spores from contaminated animal products.

Anthrax can also be spread by eating undercooked meat from infected animals. It is rare to find infected animals in the United States.

Direct person-to-person spread of anthrax is extremely unlikely to occur. Communicability is not a concern in managing or visiting with patients with inhalational anthrax.


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based

1. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/anthrax/index.html



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