HTML is the most common designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web browser like Internet explorer, Opera, Netscape, Safari, Firefox.
HTML was "invented" by Tim Berners-Lee (borned in London, UK) and further developed by the IETF, HTML is now an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). Later HTML specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
HTTP, is the acronym for hyper text transfer protocol .it is the internet protocol used to communicate between web clients and servers. Web clients are browsers. HTTP’s primary task is to move requests from clients to servers, and response vice versa.The following steps accomplish this:
1. Connection- is the establishment of networked TCP/IP connection between client and server
2. Request –initiates from a client requesting for specific services.
3. Response- communicates to client through server
4. Close- termination for TCP/IP
HTML can be used to display text, images (any type), hyperlinks. For each property there are more options like: image description (ALT), link title, text decoration. HTML is a static programing language unlike PHP which is dynamic. HTML is great for creating simple websites like personal pages, advertising pages.
This tutorial called: Web site design for beginners teach how to start with a new website: HTML basic principles, domain registration, hosting places, how to's.
Microsoft Corporation came up with extra tags that are more splendid than standard HTML tags. One such extension is "Frames". Using Frames we can control the layout of the Browser Window by segregating the window to rectangular sections and loading separate HTML files into each section of the window.
Graphics add flair to Web pages. Using Graphics we can produce eye-catching images to draw the attention of the end user. The Image that we include in our Web page should enhance the text. We can use different types of graphic files in our Web page, but most Browsers support only GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) and JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) files.
ISMAP It specifies that the image should be a clickable map. (It must be supported by the Web Server).
The images of the new product could enhance the presentation of the web page so that more and more customers will come into contact with the supermarket, and to make more popular with more ideas surfaced about other products that how it could look much nicer than it looked.
HTML also provides special characters, which are very useful while developing our Web page in a language other than English. Several languages other than English have their own accent, pronunciation.
and many other formats for representing text.
These special characters allow Browsers to display symbols and not interpret them as Markup tags.
The FORM tag consists of two attributes, namely, ACTION and METHOD. The ACTION attribute specifies the URL or file that indicates the CGI script. This script' will collect FORM data. The METHOD attribute indicates the method of sending information to the server when the form is submitted. This attribute can take two values, namely, GET and POST. GET is the default method. It concatenates all the field names and their corresponding values into a single string and sends it to the server whereas POST sends only one element at a time.
The sequences of operations are enumerated below.
The Browser requests the server for a URL, which contains a call to the CGI program.
The server parses and fires the respective CGI program
The CGI program performs the action that it has to do based on input from the browser
The CGI program will return the data back to the server
The server accepts the CGI program and hands it over to the Browser
Scripting allows the web developers to take control of the contents in an HTML document. Scripting is required by DHTML to impart "intelligence" to the web pages. This allows decision-making and processing to occur in reaction to the user events. These scripts are relatively simple to implement. In the recent years, the scripts play a major role on the Internet, as the Web browsers are scripts enabled.
Html & xhtml
HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is used to define the structure of a web page. Every page on the web uses HTML (or its close cousin, XHTML) to tell the browser what the page contains and how it should be laid out.
Understanding xhtml
Over the last few years, a massive transition got underway from the old way of designing and building sites to the new. The old way was improvised and based entirely on the site's appearance. (HTML tags were used in ways that were never intended. The new way is structured and logical. And while it limits some of your immediate design options, it builds your site to last.
XHTML—which will replace its close cousin, HTML—is at the crux of this transition. The purpose of XHTML is to create a web that's more standardized and more compatible with other systems that might want to display the same content, such as screen readers for the blind, older backend database systems, and new upcoming technologies like handheld computers or web-enabled cell phones.
To achieve full compatibility with these (and other) systems, the ideal language is XML (extensible markup language), a flexible customizable markup language. But an immediate transition from HTML to XML is impractical, considering the billions of documents written in HTML.
This is why the W3C (the industry standards body) introduced XHTML, a transitional language similar to HTML that can pave the way to future.
html & xhtml: what's the difference?
To the untrained eye, XHTML looks exactly the same as HTML. In fact, XHTML is almost the same as HTML. It was designed to follow the grammar of HTML as closely as possible. The differences, you'll find, are in the details.
5 differences between html and xhtml:
XHTML is case-sensitive. All tags must be written in lowercase. Certain declarations must be in uppercase.
XHTML is persnickety about closing tags. All tags must be closed—even those that lack closing tags in HTML.
XHTML is persnickety about nested tags. All nested tags must be closed in reverse order to how they were opened. The tag opened first must be closed last.
XHTML is persnickety about attribute values. All attribute values must be placed in quotes (such as
XHTML uses slightly different declarations to open the document.
As you can tell, XHTML is more picky and less forgiving than HTML. It introduces some new rules and rigorously enforces the existing ones.
what you need to know about xhtml
what it is
XHTML (extensible hypertext markup language) is a modified version of HTML that is compatible with XML-based systems. XHTML takes web pages beyond the web browser, allowing them to be interpreted by a wider range of applications and systems.
how it's used
Like HTML, XHTML is used to create web pages. But this newer markup language structures the text and elements so they can be displayed in a browser and understood by other applications.
why it's loved
XHTML makes web documents readable and usable by a wide range of other applications, including old content systems that pre-date the web, specialized display systems like screen readers for the blind, and future technologies—including those in handheld computers—that are just evolving.
why it's hated
XHTML is persnickety and precise, requiring more documentation and specific formatting than HTML.
XHTML is unforgiving of small mistakes. A tiny error can make a document invalid.
It's time-consuming to convert existing HTML documents to XHTML.
XHTML relies on stylesheets for design (instead of tables or font tags). And stylesheets don't work as well with certain types of designs.